Perceptions and Barriers to Condom Use among Men Living with HIV: An Ecological Analysis

Authors

  • Ricardo Sánchez-Medina Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, UNAM
  • Consuelo Rubi Rosales-Piña Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, UNAM
  • Maria de los Angeles Estrada-Martinez Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, UNAM
  • Cynthia Melisa Velasco-Reyes Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, UNAM
  • María Fernanda Olvera-Díaz Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, UNAM

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22402/j.rdipycs.unam.e.11.2.2025.690

Keywords:

HIV, condom, risk factors, ecological model, hegemonic masculinity

Abstract

This study investigated the risk factors associated with condom use among young men living with HIV in Mexico City. Seven participants, aged approximately 21 years, were interviewed and results analyzed using the ecological model. At the microsystemic level, condoms were perceived as reducing sexual pleasure and difficulties arose in negotiating their use, especially when alcohol was involved, or condoms were unavailable. At the mesosystemic level, inconsistent prevention messages from family, peers, and health services were revealed, often normalizing unprotected sex. At the exosystemic level, structural barriers included shame when purchasing condoms and limited impact of prevention campaigns. At the macrosystemic level, cultural influences such as hegemonic masculinity and HIV-related stigma further discouraged condom use. Overall, the findings highlight that inconsistent condom use stems from complex personal, relational, institutional, and cultural factors, emphasizing the need for comprehensive and context-sensitive interventions to promote sexual health among young men living with HIV.

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Author Biographies

  • Ricardo Sánchez-Medina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, UNAM

    Doctor en Psicología por la UNAM, es Profesor de Carrera Titular “C” adscrito a la carrera de Psicología del SUAyED de la FES Iztacala, UNAM; es tutor y docente de posgrado, miembro del SNII nivel I y coordinador del Laboratorio de Psicología, Tecnología y Salud, con líneas de investigación centradas en la promoción de la salud sexual y el uso de tecnologías en la formación profesional.

  • Consuelo Rubi Rosales-Piña, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, UNAM

    Doctora en Psicología, es Profesora de Carrera Titular “A” adscrita a la División de Investigación y Posgrado de la FES Iztacala, UNAM; docente en licenciatura y maestría, miembro del SNII nivel I y responsable académica del Laboratorio de Psicología, Tecnología y Salud, con experiencia en investigación y formación en terapia familiar.

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Published

2025-12-30

How to Cite

Perceptions and Barriers to Condom Use among Men Living with HIV: An Ecological Analysis. (2025). Revista Digital Internacional de Psicología Y Ciencia Social, 11(2), e1122025690. https://doi.org/10.22402/j.rdipycs.unam.e.11.2.2025.690

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